Poverty as key challenge

In our daily life, we come across people who we think are poor . They could be landless labours in village or people living in around us in overcrowded urban area living in the slums. It could our housemaid, driver, gardener, sweeper etc. The list is endless which made us realise that we are surrounded by poverty around us. In fact in India around 3 crores people living under poverty line. Poverty is one of key challenges India is facing today.Generally poverty is related to following issues like - unemployment, landlessness, size of family illiteracy , poor health, child  labour and helplessness.

Unemployment is directly related to poverty. Unemployment is when person is unemployed or active seeking for work.There are various type of unemployment. Some of them are seasonal and some is hidden unemployment. In seasonal unemployment person is unemployed for  a season. It is common in rural areas. In rural areas, many farmers are landless. They usually work on farmers having large farms which give them seasonal employment for their living during cultivation period.

There are four factors of production - land , labour, physical capital and human capital. Among these four factors of production human capital is most important. most developed countries invest on their human capital. they emphasis on providing their citizen skills and knowledge which can be a contributor in national income. The major problem with poor people is that they are uneducated. They do not have skills and knowledge which them to break the shackles of poverty. For example if the labour is uneducated and poor. he will  not have enough resource to educate their children which make their children uneducated and poor in future. Whereas educated people knows the importance of education very much.They give much importance to education. They believe giving education to children is an investment for bright future of their children and country.

Economist find poverty based  person occupation and their asserts.In pre independence, Dada Bhai Naoroji first time discuss poverty and poverty line. he gave a rough formulae to calculate poverty line. After independence, many planning commission and committee define poverty and poverty line. Indra Gandhi also gave the slogan in seventy garibi hatao. But we have failed in eradicating poverty till now and still it is a menace.In India, poverty live not only in rural area but it is present largely in urban area. Poverty in urban India is more as compare to rural India. In ninety, rural poverty has decreased but urban poverty has increased. The reason for this is shift is migration of people from rural area to urban area and increase in population.

The problem of poverty is not associated with India only. it is a global problem.About one fifth of the global population is poor. Many latin american countries and african countries are facing the problem of poverty. Namibia has largest number of poor than other countries of the world.International agencies has set up the global poverty line of 1 dollar per day. in India, if a person is earning less than 37 rupee in rural area and 47 rupee in urban area that it is considered as poor.The condition is improving slowly with various step taken by Govt of India. Various schemes are formulated to eradicate in this decade.